Volumetric Analysis
KCSE ONLINE
* Home
* Syllabus
* Schemes
* Notes
* Papers
* Videos
* Video CDs
* Reports
* Results
* Register
* Login
Reserved
Primary
* English
* Composition
* Kiswahili
* Insha
* Mathematics
* Science
* Social & Religion
* Ecde
Secondary
* Agriculture
* Biology
* Business Studies
* Chemistry
* CRE
* Computer Studies
* English
* Geography
* History
* Homescience
* IRE
* Kiswahili
* Mathematics
* Physics
Volumetric Analysis
<b>Molar Solutions – Volumetric Analysis or titration
</b>
Titration (also called titrimetry and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical
analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed).
A reagent, called the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. The
titrant reacts with a solution of analyte (which may also be called the titrand) to determine the analyte’s
concentration. The volume of titrant that reacted with the analyte is called the titration volume.
Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table
In this topic we will discuss the structure of the atom and the periodic table. In Form one an atom was defined as the
smallest particle of an element that takes part in a chemical reaction.
An atom is made up of three sub-atomic particles.Electrons,Neutrons,Protons.The central part of an atom is called the
nucleus.The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons and the electrons move around the nucleus in energy levels.
<b>Charges of the particles
</b>
Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, while neutrons are neutral.
Electrons surrounding the nucleus occupy regions called energy levels.
For the first twenty elements the first energy level takes a maximum of 2 electrons, second energy level a maximum of
8 electrons,the third energy level takes a maximum of eight electrons. Electrons always occupy the unfilled energy
level nearest to the nucleus. When an energy level is full the remaining electrons occupy the next energy level until
it is full.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. The illustration
below shows the Isotopes of Lithium atom. Identify the number of protons and neutrons in each isotope.
When an atom Loses or gains electrons it becomes electrically charged.
Charged atoms are called IONS.
Positively charged ions are called CATIONS.
Negatively charged ions are called ANIONS.
During chemical reactions, metals LOSE electrons Non metals GAIN electrons.
Activity: lithium, fluorine, aluminium, magnesium and sulphur have atomic numbers 3,9,13,12 and 16 respectively.
Protons in the nucleus, which are positively charged (+), attract electrons which are negatively charged (-) in the
energy levels.For an atom to lose an electron, this force of attraction must be overcome. This is achieved by
supplying energy to pull off the electrons. This energy supplied is called IONISATION ENERGY. It is measured in
JOULES(J).Ionisation energy is thus defined as the energy required to remove an electron(s) from an atom in gaseous
state to produce an ion.
Non- metals gain electrons to become stable since electrons are negatively charged, when an electron attempts to get
into the outermost energy level of an atom, it will be repelled by the electrons which are already there. Therefore
some force is needed to move the electrons into the energy level.When the electron finally settles in the outermost
energy level heat energy is lost. The heat energy lost is more than that used to force the electron into the energy
level. The net heat change when a gaseous atom of an element gains an electron is called electron affinity.
When an atom loses or gains electrons it becomes electrically charged. The resultant Charged particles are called
ions. Positively charged ions are called cations. Negatively charged ions are called anions.. During chemical
reactions, metals lose electrons and therefore form cations. Non-metals gain electrons and therefore form anions.
Coursework e-content also available on CD Discs, Call 0721806317 to Order
Agriculture CDs
Biology CDs
Business Studies CDs
Chemistry CDs
Computer Studies CDs
English CDs
Geography CDs
History CDs
Homescience CDs
Kiswahili CDs
Mathematics CDs
Physics CDs
Search
Reserved
Our YouTube Videos
Matrices and Transformation
Quadratic Expressions and Equations
Differentiation and Integration
Standard Deviation
Binomial Expansion
SURDS
Volume Scale Factor
Cubes and Cube Roots
Linear Equations
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
Natural Numbers
Uniform Circular Motion
Electromagnetic Induction
Quantity of Heat
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Mains Electricity
Floating and Sinking
Force
PRESSURE
Gas Laws
WORK, ENERGY, POWER AND MACHINES
WAVES II
Thin Lenses
Distance and Displacement
Waves I
Refraction of Light
ELECTROSTATICS II
Hooke’s Law
Cells and Simple Circuits
Magnetism
Heating effect of Electric Current
SOUND I
Electrostatic I
Particulate Nature of matter
Heat Transfer
Magnetic effect of electric current
The Turning Effect of a Force
FLUID FLOW
Measurement I
Current Electricity II
Introduction to Physics
Measurement II
Equilibrium and centre of Gravity
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Sulphuric (VI)acid – contact process
Standard conditions for measuring Enthalpy changes
Oxidation Number and oxidation state
Reaction Rate and Reversible Reactions
Oxides of nitrogen
Oxides of Sulphur
Nitric(V) Acid
Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
Ammonia preparation and uses
Acid Bases and Salts
Frasch Process of Extraction of Sulphur
Laboratory preparation of chlorine
Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrochloric acid
Separation of Iron filings and sulphur
Reactivity Series of metals
Role of chemistry in the society
Percentage of nitrogen and oxygen in air by volume
Acids,bases and indicators
Allotropes and amorphous carbon
Alkanes,alkenes and alkynes
Salts, Types and Methods of preparation
Akanes, Alkenes and Alkynes – Hydrocarbons
The Mole: Calculations involving mass , volume and moles
The Mole
Hydrocarbons – Alkenes
Effect of electric current on substances
Gas Laws
Volumetric Analysis or titration
Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table
Structure and Bonding
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
The Cell as the basic unit of Life
monosaccharides, dissacharides, polysaccharides
Classification I – Diversity of Organisms
Gaseous exchange in Mammals
Gaseous exchange in living organisms
Absorption of Water and Minerals Salts
Heterotrophism
Growth and Development
Classification II
Ecology the study of interrelationships
Reproduction in Plants and Animals
Transport in Animals
Transport in Plants
Osmosis, Diffusion and Active transport
Hottest part of a non-luminous flame
Relative atomic mass
Laboratory apparatus used for heating
Ion Formation
Types of Bunsen Burner Flames
Laboratory safety rules
Radicals
Valency
Oxidation numbers
Ion Formation and charge
Other common laboratory apparatus
Hess’ Law of constant heat summation
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
© 2019, One Stop Education Solutions. All Rights Reserved.
KCSE ONLINE State of the Art Technology
|
